In the early months of the virus, the US government was still working out mask guidance - a move that has been criticised for adding to the confusion.
In a February 2020 email exchange with a former US health secretary, Dr Fauci said: "Masks are really for infected people to prevent them from spreading infection to people who are not infected rather than protecting uninfected people from acquiring infection."
He added that store-bought masks are "not really effective in keeping out virus, which is small enough to pass through material".
The following month, a friend in the Chinese public health field wrote to say he has been misquoted in the media for saying the West is making a "big mistake" in not recommending mask use.
Dr Fauci responded: "I understand. No problem. We will get through this together."